Scientific notes of P. F. Lesgaft University Scientific notes of P. F. Lesgaft University Ученые записки университета имени П.Ф. Лесгафта 1994-4683 2308-1961 113983 10.5930/1994-4683-2026-1-164-170 Теория и методика спорта Theory and methodology of sports Теория и методика спорта Potential for fiber-type composition adaptation in athletes in response to training Возможности изменения композиции мышечных волокон у спортсменов под влиянием тренировки https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3599-8280 Самсонова Алла Владимировна Samsonova Alla Vladimirovna alla.samsonova.spb@gmail.com

доктор педагогических наук;

doctor of pedagogical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0008-9661 Самсонов Глеб Александрович Samsonov Gleb Aleksandrovich

кандидат педагогических наук;

candidate of pedagogical sciences;

 Национальный государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и здоровья им. П.Ф. Лесгафта St Petersburg Россия Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health St Petersburg Russian Federation 29 01 2026 29 01 2026 1 164 170 02 12 2025 09 01 2026 https://uchzapiski.lesgaft.spb.ru/en/nauka/article/113983/view

Возможность трансформации типов мышечных волокон под влиянием тренировки является одной из актуальных проблем спортивной науки. Цель исследования – аналитический обзор данных документальных источников о возможности изменения композиции скелетных мышц спортсменов под влиянием тренировки. Методы исследования: анализ научных публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Medline и Google Scholar. Результаты исследования и выводы. Классификация мышечных волокон на основе оценки активности АТФ-азы миозина свидетельствует о том, что cиловая тренировка не меняет соотношение мышечных волокон типа I и II, но увеличивает процент волокон типа IIA. Анализ одиночных волокон с использованием SDS-PAGE не дает чёткого ответа на вопрос о трансформации мышечных волокон при силовых тренировках. Исследования влияния тренировки на выносливость и композицию волокон, основанные на оценке активности АТФ-азы миозина, противоречивы. Одни данные подтверждают генетическую предрасположенность соотношения волокон типа I и II, другие – возможность изменений. Анализ одиночных волокон с использованием SDS-PAGE показывает, что их композиция может изменяться в сторону увеличения процента медленных волокон типа MHCI за счет гибридных мышечных волокон.

The potential for fiber-type composition adaptation in athletes in response to training represents one of the most pressing issues in sports science. The purpose of the study is an analytical review of documentary sources on the potential for changes in skeletal muscle fiber-type composition in athletes in response to training. Research methods: analysis of scientific publications in the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. Research results and conclusions. The classification of muscle fibers based on the assessment of myosin ATPase activity indicates that strength training does not change the ratio of type I to type II muscle fibers, but it increases the percentage of type IIA fibers. Analysis of single fibers using SDS-PAGE does not provide a clear answer regarding fiber-type transformation in response to resistance training. Studies on the effects of training on endurance and fiber-type composition, based on the assessment of myosin ATPase activity, are contradictory. Some data support a genetic predisposition in the ratio of type I to type II fibers, while others suggest the possibility of changes. Analysis of single fibers via SDS-PAGE reveals that fiber-type composition may shift toward an increased proportion of slow-twitch MHCI fibers, primarily through a reduction in hybrid muscle fibers.

 силовая тренировка тренировка на выносливость композиция мышечных волокон состав мышечных волокон strength training endurance training fiber-type composition muscle fiber profile

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