The state of the research problem: The formation of the higher school of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation and the gradual, natural transition to a new pedagogical paradigm (anthropocentric, humanistic) leads to the need for a critical analysis of all components of the educational process in the Rosgvardiya military institutes. The educational space and the educational environment are the key components of the educational process. The effectiveness of the cadets’ professional and pedagogical training depends on the quality of their functioning. The modeling of the educational space and educational environment was carried out on the basis of the St. Petersburg Military Zhukov’s Order Institute of the Russian Federation National Guard Troops. The purpose of the article: the main professional and ethical characteristics determination of the educational space and the educational environment based on the identification of their relationship in the Rosgvardiya military institute. Research results: the educational space of the Rosgvardiya Military Institute represents a continuum of real and mental educational objects, conditions, processes, phenomena, united within the boundaries of the place, the educational program and reflected in the cadet’s consciousness. It performs educational and developmental functions. The educational environment of the Rosgvardiya Military Institute is a part of the educational space, a zone of direct contact with its objects. Conclusions: the signs of an educational environment filled with professional and ethical potential: the ethnic integrity and multidimensionality; the integrativity of professional and ethical content; the universality of fundamental professional and ethical concepts; the sufficiency of complementary professional and ethical factors; the person-centered nature; the limited accessibility for the external environment; the forms’ peculiarity of expression in professional communication