Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
A running jump and sprinting at maximum speed are characterized by rapid interaction with the supporting surface (t=0.08-0.16 seconds), which casts doubt on the fact that the source of movement is the contractile work of the muscles. Muscles are simply not capable of such fast dynamic modes, with an incredible force gradient and with an incredible energy intensity of creatine phosphate. The purpose of the study is to identify a model of the work of the human musculoskeletal system in jumping and running locomotion, from the standpoint of reflex activity. Methodology and organization of the study. The following methods were used in the study: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, mathematical calculation, generalization of the experience of practical work with qualified jumpers and sprinters. Results of the study and their discussion. In the course of the study, a model of the work of the human musculoskeletal system in hopping locomotions was proposed from the standpoint of reflex activity. In the Fosbury flop high jump, under the action of centrifugal forces, an instantaneous stretching of the tendons occurs like a knee reflex. This causes a flow of sequential and spatial impulses from the main tendons of the thigh and foot muscles to the motor centers. This flow of proprioceptive impulses is summed up and, when the threshold value is exceeded, an efferent signal is given to contraction of the leg muscles, which deform the tendons, followed by their return work and giving the body a lifting force. This mechanism is similar to the accumulation of an action potential, with the help of latches in a flea, with its subsequent disposal. Conclusions. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the dynamic structure of rapid interaction with the runway occurs in a two-cycle rhythm - the first cycle is deformation due to muscle efforts, the second cycle is the utilization of the accumulated deformation energy and the acquisition of lifting force due to free tension forces
high jump, sprint, knee reflex, lift reflex, stimulation summation, escalator springboard, deformation
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